Stonegate pub company performance Essay Example for Free

Stonegate bar organization execution Essay The Stonegate bar organization is exclusive which packs in bars and bars in the UK. It was begun in the year 2010 and as of now have in excess of 620 bars and bars all over in the nation. Around the same time the organization gained more than 330 oversaw bars from M and B. This gave the organization operational capacity to run. The organization takes extraordinary consideration of all its objective clients as it has different joints as in: understudy bars, conventional bars, night clubs and a wide range of bars. This causes the organization to draw in a wide range of clients relying upon their necessities. In 2011, the organization got together with the Town and bar organization framing an enormous bar administrator which would turn into the biggest in the nation. This consequently prompted the organization getting lettuce brands, Yate’s and slug. Stonegate organization likewise includes itself in selling of beverages and food that is occasional top choices. Being probably the biggest organization in the nation, Stonegate organization keeps books of records which can be assessed. The company’s return on capital in the year 2012 is far a lot higher than that of 2011. This consequently has expanded the investors sum in the year. Since the arrival on capital in 2012 is more prominent than in 2011, the organization showed development. The Gross benefit of the organization increments from 8.7% to 12.3% because of the expansion of deals from 264,671 to 484623. The gross benefit of the organization demonstrates that the organization is the correct way towards its turn of events. Net overall revenue of any organization will show the amount it acquires after duty reasonings per dollar. At the point when it is high, the firm easily controls its expenses and well contends (BAKER, 2005, 62). In 2011 it had 0.41% contrasted with 4.5% in 2012 and could in this manner procure more in 2012 after the expense had been deducted per dollar. The organization, consequently records higher measure of offer as time passes by. Equipping estimates the monetary influence of an organization and thinks about the proportion between budgetary guide by loan specialists and investors. In 2011 it was 47.9% when contrasted with 159% showing the nation acquired more than in the earlier year. Intrigue spread shows the capacity of an organization to reimburse enthusiasm on an exceptional obligation. In 2012 the proportion is at 3.5 occasions as contrasted and 0.95 in 2011. This demonstrates the capacity of the organization to reimburse has expanded. On the opposite side the company’s current proportion originated from 0.77:1 in 2011 to 0.74:1 in 2012. This shows it was in a situation to pay obligations serenely in 2011 while it battles in 2012 which is certainly not an agreeable spot for any organization in theworld. Liquidity proportion of an organization demonstrates its capacity to pay transient obligations. Stonegate organization had a proportion of 0.69: 1 of every 2011 and 0.62: 1 out of 2012 demonstrating the capacity to reimburse transient obligations diminished in 2012. Stock turnover is the measure of times that stock is sold over a given timeframe. The organization had a stock turnover of multiple times in 2011 when contrasted with multiple times in 2012. This shows the stock is sold at a quick pace in 2012 when contrasted with 2011. Borrower assortment period is the period wherein the business gets cash sold on layaway. Numerous organizations sell using a credit card to expand their deals. In 2011, Stonegate organization had an indebted person assortment time of 43 when contrasted with 25 out of 2012. This shows the organization would have the option to get cash sold on layaway all the more frequently in 2012 which prompts improvement. Credit installment period on the opposite side speaks to the quantity of days an organization assumes to reimburse a praise exchange. The shorter the period the bustling the business, consequently quicker advancement since this demonstrates quicker inflow of money. In 2011 it was 24 days contrasted with 12 out of 2012. In 2012 in this way, Stonegate organization had the ability to reimburse back its obligations inside a fraction of the time spent in the earlier year. This demonstrates development in money related parts of the organization. The quantity of days an organization takes to acknowledge money from its stock is working proportion. The organization has a working proportion of 28 days in 2011 and 19 days in 2012. The organization appreciates quick cash in the last year,which thus prompts quicker advancement when contrasted with 2011. Stonegate organization contrasts and different organizations in the market and contends viably. In the year 2011, Net Profit before intrigue and duty on deals is 0.64% contrasted with 12.3% in 2012. The organization records development in the last year when contrasted with different organizations. Work cost of deals in 2011 is at 26.5% when contrasted with 28% in the year 2012. In contrast with different organizations, the organization is paying a greater amount of its cash in wages and pay rates in 2011 than in 2012. This postures threats in any organization. Overhead expenses of deals allude to different costs other than work. These expenses may incorporate lease and protection. According to different organizations, the organization had a figure of 8.2% and 6.7% in 2012 demonstrating a decrease in the pace of overhead expense. Decrease in overhead costs which might be escapable, benefits the organization as it is an extra cost on the company’s financial plan (Tracy, 2013, 23 7) . The company’s current proportion in 2011 is at 0.77 and 0.74 in 2012 contrasted with different organizations. This shows absence of solidarity to pay its obligations quicker as the years progress. In favor of analysis, the organization had a proportion of 0.69: 1 of every 2011 and 0.62:1 in 2012. It shows that the organization couldn't serenely rely upon its present resource for pay its present obligations in the year 2012 when contrasted with 2011 in connection with different nations. It subsequently shows that the organization relies upon its own stock in paying these obligations. Stonegate organization recorded a positive pace of stock turnover as contrasted between the two years 2011 and multiple times and 2012 with multiple times. This shows powerful rivalry with different organizations in the market. The organization might be falling behind different organizations because of the utilization of certain methodologies it takes in its dairy creation. The organization records enormous improvement in the monetary part as saw by the huge measure of benefits and deals in 2012 contrasted with 2011. This shows improvement in the administration part of the organization which brings aboutbetter techniques for creation. This is the thing that consequently brings the positive change experienced in the organization. As indicated by Davenport (2013, p. 27), IT IS because of information staying with in the that gatherings might have the option to know where the organization is going off to some far away place and where they are correct. This additionally helps in dynamic . Despite the fact that the organization is by all accounts strolling the correct way, the business despite everything lingers behind different organizations in the market because of its methodologies. A portion of these systems incorporate equipping. For example Stonegate organization relied much upon the banks instead of the investors in 2012 when contrasted with the year 2012. Banks require a lot of premiums on advances given to the organizations and may even request reimbursement inside a brief timeframe (Moles et al, 2011, p. 642). Interests related with these advances decreases the net revenue as prove in the Stonegate organization. Other contending organizations utilized the cash from the investors as this would be by one way or another perpetual when contrasted with cash from the moneylenders. In such manner, the pace of outfitting went from 47.9 in 2011 to 159 out of 2012. This is one of the regions where the organization is lingering behind its friends and care must be taken to keep away from breakdown of the organization later on. The company’s current proportion went down and it couldn't have the option to reimburse transient obligations as it used to do in the earlier year. Decline in the present proportion of an organization might be realized by such factors as an expansion in the sum acquired lessening the company’s current resources because of reimbursement of the obligations (Kaya Banerjee, 2014, p. 25). In spite of the fact that this cash prompts increment in the degree of benefits, the organization ought to maintain a strategic distance from it. Net overall revenue, which increments because of this methodology helps in the installment of the obligation, however it doesn't fit the sum acquired. Another rich zone that the organization is falling behind is in the installment of wages and compensations. The sum utilized in 2012 was far substantially more than the sum went through in the year 2011. This is much in the wake of keeping the various variables steady. Stonegate company’s basic analyses demonstrated that it couldn't rely upon its present resources for pay its present liabilities. The organization could in this way rely upon its stock to pay these debts.Being unfit to pay transient obligations by the organization is a worry that should be tended to so as to forestall breakdown of the company.On the opposite side, the organization appreciates improvement in the pace of stock turnover showing that the items are moving at a higher speed in 2012 contrasted with 2011. The overhead expenses likewise go down,adding up to the net revenue of the organization. Care must be taken to abstain from getting rid of an overhead cost that is indispensable to the business for instance protection. This is on the grounds that overheads costs are a significant part in the running of organizations. Stonegate organization has received methodologies that cause it to contend well with different contenders. This has empowered it to stay significant in the market. It has offered administrations to all adjust clients with the quantity of joints that flexibly beverages and food. To have controls in the market, the organization held hands with the Town and bar organization to frame an enormous organization and the biggest privately owned business that is in the bar business. It additionally gained in excess of 330 bars from M and B which gave the organization forces to enter the market in full power prompting nearly framing a restraining infrastructure. Consequently, Stonegate organization has kept on recording high measure of benefit related with an expansion in the measure of complete deals. Because of this factor, it has recorded gigantic turn of events and development of the structures and the quantity of laborers. An expansion in the measure of benefits as time goes might be ascribed to the expansion in the measure of deals sold (Kumar, 2008, p. 62 ). As contrasted and different organizations in both 2

US Criminal Justice-Incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Criminal Justice-Incarceration - Essay Example Bolting up the lawbreakers and segregating them from the general public would keep them from carrying out more violations. In addition, imprisonment would acquaint the crooks with criminal way of life, which they might never want to receive for themselves. Notwithstanding, there are others who don't concur with these perspectives. They accept that detainment changes nothing, the detainees are simply â€Å"locked up† and the â€Å"key is tossed away†. As indicated by them, this framework doesn't do what's necessary acceptable to the general public. The current article looks at the changed methodologies in respects of imprisonment, investigate the current circumstance, and give a reasonable end toward the end. In USA, the arrangement of criminal equity has been molded under the direction of President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1969). As indicated by Samuel Walker, this commission gave a report called â€Å"The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society†, which had weighty impacts. The report had more than 200 proposals, which built up a thorough methodology in battling and avoidance of wrongdoing in the United States. This included a framework that necessary coordination among the courts, law authorization offices, and remedial organizations. Imprisonment is a significant instrument corresponding to the exercises of the remedial organizations. All things considered, detainment would adequately do the accompanying: In any case, individuals who are against imprisonment have their own contentions. As per Hide Yamatani and Solveig Spjeldnes, â€Å"The Second Chance Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-199) is a government acknowledgment that the decades old technique of securing up the lawbreakers for the sake of open wellbeing has been disastrous.† In this unique situation, disposal of racial segregation and divergence in respects of recidivism among the individuals who are presented to the social administrations during their detainment is basic surely. Henceforth, â€Å"seamless, concentrated, and thorough

Symbolism of Trees in Beloved - Literature Essay Samples

Toni Morrison uses tree imagery throughout her novel â€Å"Beloved†. For most of the characters in the novel, trees bring both good and bad recollections of their lives. Trees symbolize the energy from which the characters gain comfort and freedom, yet they also convey the past traumatic memories of the characters. Morrison frequently uses trees as a link it to her ultimate message: the characters’ intractable struggle to cope with their past although they are now free from slavery. Morrison describes the beauty of trees, which ironically reminds the characters of their loss and traumas. In the early beginning of the novel, Sethe recalls the sights of lynching at the trees: â€Å"Boys hanging from the most beautiful sycamores in the world† (7). By juxtaposing the beauty and her bitter memory, Morrison shows how Sethe, as a former slave, feels denied of the opportunity to fully enjoy the natural scene. To strengthen this idea, Morrison shows the iron y again in â€Å"Sweet Home had more pretty trees than any farm around† (25). Despite the pleasant and peaceful landscape of the plantation, Sethe, Paul D and other characters endure a very difficult life at Sweet Home. Using the â€Å"chokecherry tree† symbol for the scars on Sethe’s back, Morrison helps the reader understand and empathize with Sethe’s psychological scars. Amy metaphorically named the scars on Sethe’s back as the chokecherry tree: â€Å"It’s a tree, Lu. A chokecherry tree. Your back got a whole tree on it. In bloom† (93). Reading how Amy compares the scars as the trunk, branches and leaves of the chokecherry, we can vividly imagine how the scars look like. From that imagination, we cannot help but grimace knowing how agonized Sethe must have felt when the schoolteacher beat her as though she is an animal. Also, having the chokecherry tree on Sethe’s back signifies that her past miseries follow Sethe ev erywhere she goes. Additionally, the knowledge that the chokecherry has bitter fruits conveys how she cannot psychologically escape from traumas of her past. Furthermore, for Amy who is full of hope and energy striving for velvet, she can see something exquisite in such a horrible shocking sight of scars. However, Sethe fails to see the scars as the way Amy does: â€Å"That’s what she called it. I’ve never seen it and never will† (18). In the same way, Paul D disagrees with Amy’s opinion: â€Å"in fact a revolting clump of scars. Not a tree as she said. Maybe shaped like one, but nothing like any tree he knew because trees were inviting† (25). Unlike Amy, Sethe and Paul D, who have repressed hope in their present lives, cannot see the scars as something aesthetic. Another significant use of trees appears when Morrison employs the metaphor â€Å"jungle† to represent the slavery system (234). A jungle, comprised of trees, is a home for the wilderness and has connotations of ferment and danger. With this word â€Å"jungle,† Morrison depicts how the slavery system impacts its victims and its captors as well. Both the slaves and its owners agree that â€Å"a jungle† resides within the slaves. However, the way they perceive the jungle differs. White people, the slave owners, believe that the jungle represents the havoc, deceit and evil in black people: â€Å"Swift unnavigable waters, swinging screaming baboons, sleeping snakes, red gums ready for their sweet white blood† (234). From the black people’s point of view, the white people seeded that jungle in them: â€Å"It was the jungle whitefolks planted in them. And it grew. It spread† (234). For the slaves, the jungle signifies the emotional pain they undergo which is bred from the slavery system. The more time passes, the more their pain intensifies and starts to consume them. The jungle expands larger and larger that it even entangles its creators: â€Å"It invaded the whites who had made it. Changed and altered them. Made them bloody, silly, worse than even they wanted to be† (234). This description emphasizes how the slavery system negatively affects the whole human society. Not only the system traumatizes its victims, but also it causes its controllers to become more cruel and inhuman. The whole society suffers the degradation of compassion and humanity. Morrison also paradoxically portrays trees as the source of comfort and safety for Denver. However, this positive connotation still reminds Denver of her need to seek for comfort: her feeling of desolation. Denver chooses the round empty place surrounded by five boxwood bushes and names it â€Å"emerald closet† where she goes and contemplates whenever she feels sad, lonely and isolated (45): â€Å"First a playroom, then a refuge, soon the place became the point. In that bower, closed off from the hurt of the hurt world, Denver’s imagination produced its own hunger and its own food† (35). Denver holds on to three things in most parts of the novel: the baby ghost, Beloved and the emerald closet. When Paul D comes to 124 and chases the baby ghost out of the house, Denver has only one thing left to hold on to: â€Å"But it was gone now. Whooshed away in the blast of a hazelnut man’s shout, leaving Denver’s world flat, mostly, with the exception of an emerald closet† (45). After the baby ghost is forced out of Denver’s life, the emerald closet becomes even more important to her as the only companion and reliance she has now. When the baby ghost returns as Beloved, Denver reclaims what she possessed before and becomes very obsessed with Beloved. Nonetheless, when Beloved does not appreciate Denver’s love, Denver returns to her emerald closet to console herself: â€Å"She had not been in the tree room once since Beloved sat on their stump after the carnival, and had not remembered that she hadn’t gone there until this very desperate moment† (90). Furthermore, Morrison conveys the trees as the pathway to freedom for Sethe and Paul D. From Denver’s account to Beloved, we learn how Sethe escapes from Sweet Home: â€Å"there is this nineteen-year-old slavegirl a year older than herself walking through the dark woods to get to her children who are far away† (91). Morrison purposefully places the woods for how Sethe arrives to 124 and reunites with her family in order to symbolize the trees as the pathway to escape from slavery. Likewise, Paul D obtains help from the trees to escape from Alfred, Georgia: â€Å"Only the tree flowers. As they go, you go. You will be where you want to be when they are gone† (133). By describing how the tree flowers guide Paul D to escape, Morrison reinforces the idea that trees serve as the way to freedom. Nevertheless, the positive connotation of freed om again reminds Sethe and Paul D of their need to run which triggers their painful memories. To conclude, Morrison strategically expresses trees as having both positive and negative connotations for her characters. By describing this contrast in the motif of the trees, Morrison helps the reader better understand the bigger paradox in the novel: the free slaves being tied in the past and unable to free themselves psychologically. Through this complex paradoxical portrayal, the reader can better empathize with the characters: what it is like to be a former slave.

Entrepreneurship Assignment - 1021 Words

rshipEntrepreneurship (BM019-3-3) Learning Outcome Upon completion of this assignment, students should be able to : i. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of entrepreneurial management. ii. Develop a capacity for informed critical understanding of environmental conditions and the ability to analyze current trends. iii. Demonstrate entrepreneurial activities and competence building. iv. Demonstrate an understanding of the strategy process. Assignment Specifications According to Michael J. Silverstein and Kate Sayre, ‘as a market women represent a bigger opportunity than China and India combined’ The Female Economy, Harvard Business Review. Taking the essence from the paper, create a business†¦show more content†¦Similar points, analysis and critique will be investigated and may be penalised. You may not copy another student’s work in any way. Marking Criteria Marks are awarded based on the following guidelines: Grade | Description of performance level | 75% – 100% | You should be able to show good application of theories and concepts covered in the subject. Your business plan should be well thought, with a in depth analysis of all the necessary areas. It should have clearly written points showing originality of thought. You provide correct citations for resources used. No grammatical errors, spelling mistakes and appropriate conclusion. Sufficient references from various sources and not primarily from the Internet. | 65% – 70% | You should be able to show proper understanding of the theories and concepts chosen from the topics covered in the subject. Your analysis are clearly written and stated, although the contents may not be properly described. Minimal citation problems relating to style and presentation. Sufficient points noted on company performance and improvement recommendations. Minor grammatical errors, spelling mistakes. Sufficient references but not varied. | 50% – 64% | You should be able to show some understanding on theories and concepts taught in the subject. Citation problems and minor referencing problems. Grammatical errors and spelling mistakes. 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Compare Contrast Venetian Renaissance Art Versus Roman Florentine Art Example For Students

Compare Contrast: Venetian Renaissance Art Versus Roman Florentine Art Venetian Art could be described as Painterly. Soft edges and strong mark making approach with impasto paint and a flurry of brushwork. The softer fluffier brushwork became known as poesie or visual poetry grew more popular in the Baroque Rococo periods that followed. Roman Florentine Painting could be characterized by the use of precise contours separated delineated elements and techniques like Diseno, as employed by Michelangelo. The themes and thinking behind Roman Florentine Painting focused mainly on intellectual matters, mathematical and philosophical perspectives on Art. Venetian Art focused mainly on nature- capturing light and painterly approaches Roman Florentine art often had compositions based on architectural shapes While Venetian Art was set in more outdoor rural (pastoral) settings, less architectural composition Roman Florentine Art was heavily influenced by Brunelleschis invention of perspective the writings of Vitruvius Alberti on the correct classical proportions of buildings figures Venetian art was more influenced by Northern Rennaissances technical innovations They used oil paint more used the camera obscura to observe the scene project the light. The venetians, however invented canvas which better suited the damper climate than fresco. Venetian art had a greater pan-European influence on later developments in art e.g. Impressionism and the focus on capturing the effects of light mark making Venetians painted on canvas which was portable could be traded or looted e.g. Napoleon brought many masterpieces to France when he invaded Northern Italy. The many Northern Italian artworks displayed in The Louvre proved to be very influential on French 19th 20th century painting Roman Florentine Early Renaissance Art employed stony and pietra serena colors in figure painting, sculpture architecture. Later in the High Renaissance artists like Raphael used complimentary colors e.g. red and green and orange and blue in Madonna of The Meadow Venetian painters like Titian painted from dark to light on dark backgrounds, using warm red, orange and yellow tones on darker backgrounds to create depth and drama. Venetian painters also juxtaposed nude female figures with clothed figures in the same scene e.g. Venus of Urbino by Titian. This, the indoor contemporary setting renders the nudity less innocent more erotic. This would later be copied by artists in France in the 19th 20th centuries. Manet mocked this voyeurism in his painting Dejuner sur lHerbe (1862,1863) which outraged those who first saw it in the Salon des Refusees. It is now seen as the first work of art about art.

What is hypnotherapy free essay sample

What Is Hypnoss? The term hypnosis (from the Greek hypnos, meaning sleep) was coined circa 1840 by Dr James Braid. It is not quite an accurate description of the experience, as when someone is hypnotised they are not sleeping. Hypnosis is a state of mind, brought about by thorough mental and physical relaxation. During which, a persons subconscious mind is responsive to suggestions that can then influence their behaviour. It is believed that the use of hypnosis in the form of inducing trance states stretches back as far as ancient Egypt (Waterfleld 2004 pg43). It has also been used by cultures such as North American Indians for thousands of years. In the 1700s Franz Anton Mesmer, a doctor schooled In Vienna, developed a way of healing people using magnets. He believed that they released blockages of the patients fluid flow. As time went by he started to use electrodes and then Just his hands. We will write a custom essay sample on What is hypnotherapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He called it animal magnetism. Although his practices were discredited officially, people continued to use his methods. In 1814 Abbe Faria concluded that the success of Mesmers animal magnetism was down to his Influence through suggestion. In the late 1700s the Marquis de Puysegur refined Mesmers techniques, also rejecting the idea of magnetising the patient. His practice focused more on listening to the patient in sessions of regular frequency and duration. The patient did not need to have convulsions to experience change as words were effective on their own. After Mesmer, various doctors employed hypnotherapy, including Sigmund Freud. But it was Milton Erickson who pioneered the technique of modern hypnosis as we recognise it today. Hypnotherapy uses relaxation to bring a person into a state of consciousness that llows them to be influenced with suggestions to change the way they behave. The subconscious stores Information as necessary and directs our non-voluntary actions. This allows our conscious mind to operate on daily tasks we want to undertake. Hypnotherapy works by leading a person to the required mental state and accessing the subconscious. In his book Hypnotherapy: A handbook (2012 pgl Michael Heap describes the hypnotic session in 5 stages: Stage One: This is the preparation stage. The hypnotherapist will discuss with the client, what the client Is hoping to gain from the session and any misgivings they may have about hypnotherapy. Stage Two: The hypnotherapist will proceed with the hypnosis. Starting by relaxing the client and the deepening the hypnosis by asking them to focus internally. Stage Three: The client will be fully hypnotised and In a state that is will make them more receptive to suggestions. The hypnotherapist will make suggestions related to the subject that he has discussed with the client. Stage Four: The hypnotherapist brings the client back from the hypnotic state. They would that the client is becoming more alert and aware of their surroundings. Stage Five: Discussing the session and any emotions or concerns that may have arisen as a esult of the session. Hypnosis has various beneficial functions (Hadley and Staudacher 1996). It can improve sleep, reduce stress and painful symptoms. It can produce anaesthesia and organic functions such as slowing bleeding and heart rate. It can improve a persons memory and recall of information, plus increase the capacity to learn and retain information. It can also assist in age regression, allowing the person to relive an experience they went through in the past. Hypnosis has various uses such as weight loss. It can motivate a person to lose weight, help them reprogram their eating habits and help them maintain their weight loss. It can help someone quit smoking. Helping the person break the pattern of smoking and give up permanently. It can help improve self esteem and motivation. It can assist in improving self projection, reprogram negative behaviour increase confidence and self acceptance and change the way a person regards success. To understand the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy we must understand the states of consciousness that are conducive to hypnotherapy and the physical and psychological aspects as well. To do this, a good place to start, is to look at the different levels of consciousness that can be measured in waves and the number of ycles per second that the brain is experiencing. Beta waves (15-40 cycles per second) occur when a person is engaged, alert, and focusing on an activity. A person would experiencing these waves could, for example, be having a conversation. Alpha waves (9 to 14 cycles per second) are slower and in this state people are more relaxed than when their brains are producing beta waves. This is a resting state which you might experience after completing a task. They are present when a person is engaged in a creative or contemplative mode. These waves also occur in meditation and light hypnosis. Theta waves (4-8 cycles per second) ccur during light sleep when someone is dreaming and some meditative states. When a person is experiencing medium to deep hypnosis they will be producing theta waves. Another example of theta state is when a person is engaged in a task such as driving along a familiar road, their conscious mind relaxes allowing their mind to wander. It is in the theta state that suppressed memories are more likely to come to the surface- which can be useful for healing difficult past emotions. Delta waves (1 to 4 cycles per second) are the slowest, produced when a person is deeply relaxed- such as sleeping. Dreamless sleep involves waves of 2 or 3 cycles per econd. Delta waves can indicate very deep hypnosis as well. As you can see there are different situations in which determine what activity our brain undertakes, plus physical signs that indicate the state of consciousness. In their book Hypnosis for Change (1996 pgl 2,13) Josie Hadley and Carol Staudacher outline the mental and physical characteristics of levels of consciousness. They use game of tennis they will be in an alert state. They will have normal intellectual function, reflexive and motor response. During daydreaming (light trance) a person might be thinking of playing game of tennis. They will experience physical relaxation- slowed breathing and heart rate. Their mind will be wandering, contemplating the possible or impossible and they will be withdrawn. In a moderate trance a person will lose awareness of their surroundings- they will be imagining themselves on a court playing tennis. Their eyes will be closed and awareness of their heartbeat and breathing may increase. Their senses will be more receptive and they will interpret anything you say to them literally. If a person was in a deep trance they would be able to feel as if they were actually playing tennis. They would reduce their energy and activity. Their limbs would possibly stiffen or become limp. Their attention would narrow and they would lose auditory reception and environmental awareness. They may become more creative in their thinking and senses may become illusory. If a person dreams of being in a tennis match they are asleep. In this state there is a suspension of voluntary exercise and a reduction or absence of conscious thought. So it is the states of light moderate and deep trance that the hypnotherapist works with. As these are the states in which a person will be open to hypnotic suggestion. To work on a person, the hypnotherapist will need to relax them both physically and entally. The hypnotherapist will talk a person through a series of steps to guide them in the process of relaxation. Hypnotherapists use a hypnotic screed to hypnotise someone. It is a set of instructions to guide a person into the state of hypnosis. The screed will start with the Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to achieve physical relaxation. This involves gradually relaxing all the muscle in the body and slowing the breathing, which should in turn, slow the persons heart rate. These physical changes will affect the persons mental state, slowing their brain activity and inducing trance states. The use of this technique, was developed by Edmond Jacobson in the 1920s. This technique involves relaxing groups of muscle in the body starting either at the head or the toes. When Jacobson originally developed the technique it involved tensing and then relaxing the muscles. This tensing and relaxing was designed to trigger parasympathetic nervous system activity, which not only relaxed the muscles but also improved mental and emotional state of his patients. In modern hypnosis the same effect can be achieved with suggestion that the person relax their muscle groups in various ways. Then the hypnotherapist takes he person deeper into relaxation, which could involve asking the person to picture themselves in a place that is special to them, and that they find relaxing. To encourage the person to feel fully immersed in their special place they will ask the person to engage all their senses. Once they are in their special place and in a relaxed trance the therapeutic suggestions will take effect. The hypnotherapist will communicate the behavioural changes they will make, in accordance with what they have agreed to beforehand. Heap (2012 pg2) describes suggestion as a communication, conveyed verbally by the hypnotist, that directs the subjects magination in such a way as to elicit intended alterations in sensations, perceptions, feelings, thoughts and behaviour. The responses the person has to suggestion during hypnosis as something they feel is happening to them. Rather than being the suggestion stage they will re-orientate the person. This involves bringing the person back to full awareness. During the induction the hypnotherapist may have made suggestions that the person ignore any external surrounding noises, as an aid to relaxation. It is important, at this stage, to reverse any suggestions they made at he start. In Hypnotherapy, A Practical Handbook (Karle and Boys 1987 pg10) the authors put forward the idea of Barber (1969), that the role of hypnosis is minimal and is no more effective than encouraging someone to change, with suggestions delivered with conviction. However they conclude that since hypnosis occurs spontaneously in therapy as well as in ordinary life, it seems inefficient if not actually negligent to ignore the part played by hypnosis in therapy, and to fail to take deliberate and purposeful control of these phenomena in the service of the patient'(1987 pg21). Heap (2012 pg7,8) argues, that tests have shown, relaxation is not a critical factor in the hypnotic induction. As studies conducted have shown little difference in brain activity between inductions involving relaxation and inductions that involve more active behaviour. He defines different styles of induction, such as passive relaxed, task-motivational instructions (encouraging the person to engage with the suggestions), alert-passive (suggesting increasing awareness and alertness), alert- active (suggesting alertness while the person exercises), placebo (for example, suggesting the person has swallowed a hypnosis pill). He advises that the most important factor in the success of the hypnotherapy is whether or not it is suitable for the client, and their suggestibility, or hypnotic susceptibility (2012 pgl 1). But he does admit that passive-relaxed inductions are the most popular. Hypnosis is a therapeutic tool that can be used alongside conventional therapy to produce long- lasting or permanent positive changes in a persons behaviour. The role of relaxation is integral to the process of hypnotising someone. As it brings about physiological changes in the body that lead to trance states. Trance states are the states of onsciousness in which a person is most open to suggestions that will change their behaviour for the better.

Free Essays on Management Responsibilities

Good management is practiced in many forms and in a great diversity of business situations. There are basic principles of how to manage, but they would be applied differently in different situations. In an effective organization led by good managers, there is a clear set of strategic objectives I consider skill essential in an effective management such as: communication, motivation, teamwork and goals. There are many more concepts I have learned about management but I will focus on what areas I believe can relate to my needs in my organization. It is worthy to note that a successful organization have managers who have a great deal of flexibility in establishing a workable leadership style. Successful managers, in addition, realize that times, tasks, and circumstances change on a daily basis. Nothing could be easier than failing to communicate. For many years, managers think they can belittle their employees with the  ³I ¹m the boss, get to work ² attitude. It is different today in most places and more people are beginning to understand how important good communication really is. Communicating well is something every one of us does everyday in our lives. However, effective communication seems to be rare in adults. There are some basic concepts that can be implemented to have a successful communication. They are making communication a top priority, being open to other people, and creating a receptive environment for communication. First, I ¹ve learned that I must make time to communicate with my subordinates no matter how busy you might find yourself during the work day. Second, if you can show your colleagues that you are receptive to their ideas, they are more likely to be receptive to you and keep you honestly informed about the things I need to know. I ¹ve learned that a good organization has people caring about the future of the organization and that top managements care as much about their people. Finally, it ¹s a basic fact th... Free Essays on Management Responsibilities Free Essays on Management Responsibilities Good management is practiced in many forms and in a great diversity of business situations. There are basic principles of how to manage, but they would be applied differently in different situations. In an effective organization led by good managers, there is a clear set of strategic objectives I consider skill essential in an effective management such as: communication, motivation, teamwork and goals. There are many more concepts I have learned about management but I will focus on what areas I believe can relate to my needs in my organization. It is worthy to note that a successful organization have managers who have a great deal of flexibility in establishing a workable leadership style. Successful managers, in addition, realize that times, tasks, and circumstances change on a daily basis. Nothing could be easier than failing to communicate. For many years, managers think they can belittle their employees with the  ³I ¹m the boss, get to work ² attitude. It is different today in most places and more people are beginning to understand how important good communication really is. Communicating well is something every one of us does everyday in our lives. However, effective communication seems to be rare in adults. There are some basic concepts that can be implemented to have a successful communication. They are making communication a top priority, being open to other people, and creating a receptive environment for communication. First, I ¹ve learned that I must make time to communicate with my subordinates no matter how busy you might find yourself during the work day. Second, if you can show your colleagues that you are receptive to their ideas, they are more likely to be receptive to you and keep you honestly informed about the things I need to know. I ¹ve learned that a good organization has people caring about the future of the organization and that top managements care as much about their people. Finally, it ¹s a basic fact th...

Identifying a Researchable Problem Research Paper - 2

Identifying a Researchable Problem - Research Paper Example Cultural differences my influence eating behavior and undermine universal effectiveness of an intervention approach. Understanding benefits of Evidence Based Practice and Evidence Based Research and leading change among nurses towards these can therefore improve efficiency of care and is my area of interest. Incidence and prevalence of a health problem suggest inefficiency of applied intervention strategies and the case of hypertension among adults in the United States illustrates this. High incidence and prevalence rates of hypertension in the nation is therefore the problem and an understanding of factors such as causes, gaps in current practices, and possible effective practices is necessary for prevention and management. High incidence and prevalence rate of hypertension in the United States, which suggest ineffectiveness of prevention and management measures, establish significance of the problem. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), about 29 percent of American adults suffer from hypertension and the high blood pressures are only controlled in less that 50 percent of the affected population. In addition, about 33 percent of the remaining American population have pre-hypertension and are therefore at high risk of developing hypertension. With the current annual expenditure of $ 46 billion due to incidence of hypertension, the rate of pre-hypertension implies greater future expenditure, and prevention and management are necessary. High mortality rate, about 1000 deaths per day, which can be attributed to hypertension, also identifies significance because of the emotional pain on the bereaved and economic loss due to reduced labor force. The economic loss also exists whe n a hypertension patient is unable to report to work or work efficiently. High blood pressure also increases an

Bicycle patrol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bicycle patrol - Essay Example They are – The International Police Mountain Bike Association (IPMBA), and the Law Enforcement Bike Association (LEBA). The IPMBA model is more popular and known (Shah, 2003). According to IPMBA resources, mountain bicycles are used in police departments to control criminal activities. It has become a fashion to prepare a bicycle patrol unit throughout United States of America’s state police departments because of the benefits. Bikes are noiseless, cheap and dependable and are helpful in filling up the gap between automobiles and foot patrol. Communities prefer to talk to a bike patrol officer than to a neighborhood beat officer. It helps policing efforts to solve problems. Bicycle officers can make better use of their senses of eye, ear and smelling in searching criminals. Criminals don’t doubt their presence around even if they are in uniform. Another benefit of mountain bike is its worth in crowded urban areas, where traffic is very slow, and crowd comes in between the motorized way. Bikes can enter into parks, parking lots, institutions, colonies, business centers, tourist complexes and VIP functions. The streets, side-walks, alleys, trails and such areas can be reached via a bike, where motor vehicles cannot enter due to lack of space. They are useful both in urban and remote areas to save people from casualties also (IPMBA resources). It is very important to learn how to handle weapon at the time of patrol cycling. Bike can be used as a protective tool also. The option of ‘use of force’ shows that bike is not just a medium of transport but techniques like riding stairs, cone courses and slow speed skills besides scenario exercises, and suspect encounters add to the already learnt cycling skills. So, passing the training course is very important before practicing police bike patrols (Shah, 2003). Here lies the importance of IPMBA courses like Security Cyclist certification courses. The Complete Guide to Police Cycling of IPMBA covers

The U.S. Airline Industry Essay Example for Free

The U.S. Airline Industry Essay The U.S. airline industry provides a unique service to its customers. It transports people and goods with efficiency and convenience which is not achieved by any other service. The purpose of this article is to collect data on the U.S. airline industry and analyze the state of the industry today. Data came from sources such as the Federal Aviation Administration, scholarly articles, and websites such as dallas.culturemap.com and airwise.com. Tools used to analyze the data include P. E.S.T., and Porter’s five forces. The analysis also focuses on the industries’ drivers of change and its key survival factors. Key Survival Factors Include Locations that an airline services – The servicing of particular markets is essential in the nature of the airline industry. Airlines need to offer routes between markets that are desired by customers. Cost structure of an airline’s operations – The costs of operations for an airline are a limit to how low airfares can be. Costs include maintenance, fuel, labor, fees and lease payments for operating in airports. Those airlines that are able to control costs can attract customers with lower fares and can improve overall profitability. (Site this web article here http://dallas.culturemap.com/news/travel/05-19-14-southwest-airlines-virgin-america-new-low-fares/) An airlines’ workforce and its interaction with customers – A Pleasant workforce can encourage repeat business. An unhappy workforce can drive customers away to rivals. Reliability of Service – An airline with a reputation for reliable service has a positive image among customers, which can lead to repeat business. Issues with reliability include mishandled baggage, the on-time arrival of flights, overbooking flights, and passenger complaints. Those airlines that are able to control these elements provide better service to the customer. Drivers of Industry Change Consolidations and Alliances – Many airlines operating in the U.S. have recently consolidated due to high competition and improper cost structures. These newly consolidated firms are also establishing alliances with international carriers which enable them to expand their market participation strategies. Globalization – Growth potential in the global  travel market has led to a drive for globalization in the airline industry. U.S. airlines are lobbying for â€Å"open skies† treaties between the U.S. and other nations. The U.S has signed more than 60 open skies treaties with nations around the globe. Low-cost Competition – The rise of the low-cost carriers has forced a change in the competitive environment of the airline industry. Southwest, JetBlue, People Express and Airtran operate off of low-cost strategies that allow them to offer lower airfares. These low fares put pressure on the industry and force rivals to lower their costs to stay competitive. (http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/new-low-cost-airline-peoplexpress-tickets-go-sale-n122971) (P.E.S.T.) Political, Economic, Social, and Technological forces that impact the industry. Political Security Regulations from FAA War on Terrorism led to stricter guidelines Customer Protection Regulations – must show fees (http://www.npr.org/2014/05/31/317429334/regulators-and-airlines-fight-over-fares-fees-and-fairness) Economic High operating costs Airlines merging Fuel Costs are huge Less people traveling due to expense Very high fixed cost Impact of holiday travel Cancellation fees/checked bag cost Social Security – Is it safe to fly? Crashes/failure Customer service (friendliness, flight attendant/pilot being funny) Technological Business changes (using Skype instead of traveling) Buying tickets online/cancel online Porter’s Five Forces Model is one way to analyze the environment in which airline companies operate. This model shows the major forces that form the industry: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers, and competitors. Threat of new entrants is relatively high in the airline industry. It seems like it would be hard to enter the airline industry due to the large amount of fixed costs however lending has made it not only possible but fairly simple. New entrants will have to endure years of little or no profit until a strong customer base is established though. Meanwhile existing companies will be able to lower prices and take losses against their capital reserves just to drive a new competitor out of business. Further, consumers prefer well-known brands mainly due to safety concerns. Lastly, stringent licensing requirements and heavy regulations by organizations such as the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Transportation require significant knowledge base and time investment on the part of the new entrant. Bargaining power of buyers is also relatively low in the airline industry. Two main groups of buyers exist: individual buyers purchasing tickets for personal or business travel, and travel agencies and/or online portals that work as a â€Å"middle man† between the airline companies and individual buyers. There is definitively a large amount of buyers compared to the number of airlines; therefore, loss of one customer does not strongly affect the bottom line of a given airline. Typically, each airline has a niche. Some airlines focus on cost, while others focus on having the best amenities, etc. Although switching costs are low for buyers, they tend to remain within a niche and purchase tickets based on their price vs. amenities preferences. Threat of substitutes is medium in the airline industry. Consumers can choose other forms of transportation such as a car, bus, train, or boat to get to their destination. However, there is a cost to this switch, mainly time. For long distance travel, airlines usually exceed all other forms of transportation when it comes to cost and convenience. Nevertheless, there is one important development that should be noted – technological advances are allowing business people to telecommute, this significantly cuts down on required business travel. Bargaining power of the suppliers presents a medium threat in the airline industry. Major suppliers include the airplane manufacturers, aircraft leasing companies,  fuel companies and labor unions. Although airline companies cannot easily switch suppliers, most firms have long term contracts with their suppliers. On the other hand, there are very few suppliers in the airline industry because of the amount of money and expertise required. Airlines represent the main source of income for these suppliers so airline’s business is extremely important to them. Rivalry among existing players is very strong in the airline industry. The first reason is the fact that the airline industry is currently stagnant; the number of competitors remains more or less the same and the industry does not have overcapacity. The fixed costs are extremely high and it is hard for an airline firm to leave the industry because of the long term debt obligations. The rivalry is reduced by the brand identities of different airlines. Some are known for exceptional amenities, others for low prices. The market seems to be equally divided as each company maintains its own niche in the market. Highly competitive industries such as the airline industry typically see low rates of return due to the fact that they competition drives down prices. Couple this with the high amount of government regulation in the airline industry and the investor may be weary of investing in the industry. However, the next five years look promising for the U.S. airline industry due to the fact that many of the participant firms will be newly consolidated and have influence in markets outside of the U.S. as well as those inside.

Specializing Education :: Schooling Teaching Essays

Specializing Education Special Education was one of those things I never truly understood as a student in the public school system. Who were these children that had to be taken out of the class for reading and math or who remained in a separate class all day? What was so â€Å"special† about them? Believe me, I could have tried to find out what was different about them and how they were taught anytime I wanted; my mom teaches Elementary Special Education. I always heard her throwing around terms like resource room and inclusion when she talked about work. But being the typical self-involved child that I was, I never listened to what she said about teaching or asked her more about her students. What I do know is that teaching Special Education involved a lot of ups and down. As a Special Education teacher, the specific tasks of my mom’s job change frequently. She has taught full-time special education classes, has worked with individual students in an inclusive setting, and most recent ly she teaches resource room. Now that I don’t have to listen to her work stories all the time, I find myself wanting to know more about what special education entails. What I discovered is that none of the methods utilized in Special Education are entirely right or wrong in addressing the educational needs of children with LD. Children with learning disabilities should be educated in the most appropriate way to meet their specific educational needs. The children who benefit from the Special Education program are learning disabled. The National Center for Learning Disabilities states that children with learning disabilities have a â€Å"neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to receive process, store and respond to information.† There has been a long running debate on the best way to educate children with learning disabilities or LD. Some feel inclusion is the most beneficial method for educating children with LD. As defined by Jean B. Crockett and James M. Kauffman in The Least Restrictive Environment, inclusion is where children with disabilities are placed in regular education classes for the entire school day and are accompanied by special education teachers or aides for subjects where they need extra help (1). Others feel mainstreaming is the best option for students with LD.

Policy Report On Dispersal Of Asylum Seekers

IntroductionThe UK has been second home to asylum seekers for a very long time, having witnessed an influx of immigrants since the seventeenth century, some of which were looking for refuge. With time, the UK residents felt bothered by increasing concentrations of ethnic minorities in the UK and especially their clustering in particular areas which led to congestion. In response to the increasing uneasiness of the public, the government opted to come up with means through which they could redistribute the ethnic minorities in other areas so as to decongest the cities and encourage assimilation.This led to the formulation of the Asylum and Immigration Act in 1999 which led to the dispersal of ethnic minorities to various corners of the United Kingdom. The dispersal policy has however come under heavy criticism with claims that it isolates the asylum seekers from the renders them vulnerable to racially charged attacks. This paper therefore seeks to analyze the dispersal policy of asylu m seekers, examining its background and development. It will also offer as critique of the policy which will largely determine whether it is a viable policy or not.Background policy reviewPrior to the 1990s, many Europeans thought of refugees as a problem of the third world which needed to be contained by the third world.   Europe would only be involved in charity but refugees needed to remain within their own borders. When it became involved, Europe only admitted a selected few refugees and settled them under controlled circumstances (Robinson et al 2003, p. 3). The attitude that many Europeans held towards refugees especially those from the third world was that they were immigrants looking for economic opportunities and as such, they did not deserve to be accorded asylum status.In the UK, the number of people seeking asylum was rapidly increasing (Robinson et al 2003, p. 4). During the post war period, Britain needed manpower for economic reconstruction and since it was not able to fill these positions, it decided to turn to the commonwealth, leading to an influx of immigrants especially from Asia. Thus Britain has been multiethnic for a long time. While some of the immigrants were coming to look for work, others also started coming to Britain in search of refuge. As early as the seventeenth century, some 50,000 French Huguenots arrived in London seeking refuge. In the 1880s, Jews also arrived in droves to look for refuge as they escaped the pogroms. Thus by the turn of the twentieth century, Britain had developed a reputation as a place of refuge (Robinson et al 2003, p.103).In 1905, an Aliens act was passed which ended this particular type of migration but the influx of both voluntary and forced immigrants continued. Jews fleeing Nazi Germany settled in the UK, so did some Italians and Chinese immigrants. Rapid immigration led to a concentration of certain ethnic communities in particular areas such as Chinatowns and dockland black quarters. Britain used this immigrant manpower for labour due to local shortages (Robinson et al 2003, p.104). This development of ethnic quarters was a cause of concern for the public who even directed hostility at the immigrants for this reason; the state saw the need for dispersal of refugees as well as ethnic minorities even before the formulation of the dispersal policy (Robinson et al 2003, p.104).It started an informal dispersal program in which the government attempted to settle people in different areas. Public opinion showed that many Britons were xenophobic and did not approve of the way some economic groups were clustering in the country; fearing that this would have an impact on the national identity of the British. Racial exclusion became an aspect of life in many regions of the UK in the 1960s to such an extent that it became a matter of popular as well as political concern. Some parents even objected to the number of black children who were being allowed to attend local schools. This led to the ‘Boyles Law’ being passed which stated that local schools should accommodate a maximum of 30% of ethnic minority children.The Department of Education and Science even suggested some policies to prevent ethnic concentrations from building up. In the 1970s, many people became increasingly supportive of the dispersal of ethnic minorities. Dispersal was aimed at reducing the hostility directed at them and facilitating their access to better chances. It was felt that living in mixed neighbourhoods would challenge the stereotypes that were associated with ethnic minorities (Robinson et al 2003, p.106-107).In 1969, the Cullingworth committee investigating public housing in the UK expressed concern over the residential concentration of ethnic minorities especially in the inner city; a factor that had led to overcrowding and which, they felt could lower the standards of education. For this reason, they proposed dispersal albeit voluntary. In the years that followed howeve r, there were increased calls for the compulsory dispersal of ethnic minorities (Robinson et al 2003, p.107).In the 1970s however, the assimilation concept began to be viewed as outdated, politically incorrect and linked to a belief of ethnic supremacy. No policy makers or those in power wanted to be associated with the assimilation concept lest they be viewed as extremists (Robinson et al 2003, p.108). The development of the dispersal policy can be linked to the changing welfare ideologies of the UK. The ideology of social democracy was evident especially in the years immediately after the Second World War.This ideology prevailed in the post war period and was associated with recognition of the needs of all people including the working class, as opposed to the bourgeois only. Thus everyone, even the immigrants who constituted the working class, benefited from a wide range of welfare benefits. The recent third way ideology seeks to promote welfare to work program and it has been lik ened to the principles of neo- liberalism. It claims to attempt to blend the principles of social democracy with neo- liberalism and involves welfare to work program whereby people must be helped by to find work by helping them overcome the dependency on passive benefits, inculcating in them a sense of responsibility.The welfare reform program consists of welfare cuts; something that greatly affects the asylum seekers. Government wishes to reallocate welfare payments to those who are working as opposed to those not working such as the asylum seekers. Their benefits have practically been abolished under this program and they have to undergo rigorous testing to be eligible if at all (â€Å"the retreat of social democracy†n.d). The evolution of such welfare ideologies determines how asylum seekers are treated since they rely mostly on welfare.Asylum seekers dispersal policyUnder the informal dispersal program prior to the 1990s, there were stories of how asylum seekers were tran sported to remote areas only to find that their destinations were neither expecting nor prepared for them. For this reason, many of them returned to London just a few days after having been dispersed.The asylum seekers were not very willing to be dispersed and some of then refused to be assisted if it involved dispersing them to areas outside the capital. In response to the failed Local Government Association dispersal program, in 1999, the government passed the use of the Asylum and Immigration Act; a new compulsory policy that radically modified the reception of asylum seekers. It is worth noting that it was not mandatory for all asylum seekers to be dispersed but those who needed financial support had to agree to it since the government would offer financial support only to those who were in agreement with the dispersal policy (Robinson et al 2003, p.123).The objectives of the dispersal act were to control the number of people who were seeking asylum in the UK, hasten the assessm ent process for asylum claims and overhaul the mechanisms of financial support for asylum seekers so that they stop coming to the UK merely for welfare benefits. Under the Act, the National Asylum Support Service (NASS) was formed. Its purpose was to choose which asylum seekers qualified for state benefits, provide them with these benefits and disperse them from London as well as the South East (Robinson et al 2003, p.123). It would provide asylum seekers with housing in some areas which came to be referred to as cluster areas under a more centralized dispersal process.This act meant that asylum seekers were not entitled to benefits and they were subject to compulsory dispersal by NASS so as to decongest the cities (Griffiths et al, n.d). Asylum seekers would apply to the Immigration and Nationality Directorate for asylum and the Directorate would decide whether their claim was true or unfounded. Meanwhile, those who had been temporarily admitted would be forwarded to NASS who would provide them with emergency accommodation if they did not have means of supporting themselves.Within a seven day period, NASS decides who qualifies for support and disperses them to cluster areas outside London and the South East. The needy asylum seekers are given free housing inclusive of utilities cost and financial support. Once settled temporarily, the asylum seekers would know the fate of their claims within a two month period and could appeal within the four months that follows. The entire procedure is expected to be completed within a span of six months maximum.The Act also proposes an integration of the relevant authorities into consortia that would be responsible for the long term integration of asylum seekers who had been granted refugee status (Robinson et al 2003, p.124). The aim of the dispersal act is to redistribute the costs of catering to the asylum seekers, diffuse social tensions and discourage would-be applicants. The dispersed asylum seekers are taken care of and integrated into their communities by NASS which offers them accommodation within the clustered areas (Griffith et al, n.d).Critique of the Asylum seekers dispersal policyFrom its inception, the asylum seekers dispersal policy was met with severe criticism due to the critical issues that it raises to concerned citizens as well as the perceived risk that it poses to the asylum seekers themselves. This section uses the â€Å"othering† theory and the critical race theory to examine how asylum seekers are received in the UK and other developed nations, especially those which have a similar policy to UK’s dispersal policy.Critical race theory helps one to understand the prevailing social situation in terms of races, racism and the subsequent game of power. The critical race theory helps in determining how the society has organised itself especially along racial lines and how relationships between the races are organised in a hierarchical manner. Furthermore, it strives f or social justice and a betterment of the situation; a betterment of the relationship between the races (Delgado and Stefancic 2001, p.3). Central to understanding why races tend to group themselves together is the concept of ‘othering’.‘Othering’ is an important part of identity formation. As Dominelli (2004, p.76) puts it, the ‘self’ is in existence due to the presence of the ‘other’ who can be used to as a measure of comparison to oneself. This dichotomy facilitates the externalization of the other to such an extent that he or she is viewed in an antagonistic manner, thus creating hierarchical relations. In the formulation of policies therefore, ‘othering’ processes generate divisions such that those who are labelled as the ‘other’ are set apart from the normal population.They generate barriers that prevent those who have been excluded from mingling with others, and distinguish them as undeserving of fa vourable treatment (Dominelli 2004, p.76). In the UK, asylum seekers as well as refugees are subjected to ‘othering’ which makes them easy prey for violence. For instance, almost all asylum seekers in Scotland are located in Glasgow; a city rife with gangs that attack them for the ethnic minorities who are ‘othered’ based on their looks, their language as well as culture. Just looking different in Glasgow can make one a victim of racial harassment on a level that has been described as shocking by a Scottish executive study.The reason given by the gangs for these often brutal attacks targeted at asylum seekers is that they are usually given the best houses in the area; a result of the dispersal policy which is responsible for settling the asylum seekers in scattered places and providing them with financial support. What the gangs cannot understand is why the ‘others’ should be accorded such favourable treatment when the ‘deserving’ inhabitants of the regions can probably not even afford the lifestyle accorded to the others (Stewart, 2007). According to Morris (2007) asylum seekers are put at risk by the dispersal policy which, in an effort to decongest the main cities procures the houses for asylum seekers in far off places which are invariably poor. That the asylum seekers are given the best housing in the area makes them targets of prejudice and violence.This main reason behind such attacks is that the residents feel that the asylum seekers are being given preferential treatment. Most of the places where the asylum seekers are settled are volatile areas that have witnessed recurrent attacks on asylum seekers. For example, both the Moston district and the Cheetham district in Manchester continue to receive many refugees even though they are considered to be very dangerous and unpleasant. Other dangerous areas which continue to receive asylum seekers are Everton, whose residents felt that the asylum seekers we re being favoured, and Toxteth which have both witnessed several cases of racial harassment that are targeted at asylum seekers as well as refugees. Furthermore, some asylum seekers are placed in areas where there is none of their kind and where they have difficulty in communication. The dispersal system thus tends to isolate foreigners, making them vulnerable to hostility.In several studies carried out in the UK and documented by the Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR n.d), it was established that most people were very concerned about the influx of immigrants into the UK with several of them expressing concern that immigration was out of control. Of particular concern was the question of asylum seekers, with most people wondering just how genuine these ‘supposed’ asylum seekers were. The study found that many people were concerned about the increasing numbers of asylum seekers and how genuine their claims were. A number of people felt that the influx of asylum seekers was economically motivated.They felt that if such immigration was left unchecked, then it would eventually threaten the British society in terms of their values, health, ethnicity as well as religion. The British economy would also suffer due to the asylum seekers becoming burdens to the economy, increasing competition and engaging in acts of criminality since asylum seekers were often associated with deviance which could lead to acts of illegality. The study also revealed that most people felt that the asylum seekers were favoured and were in fact, better off than the average white Briton. Most of the problems that asylum seekers face are have either been created or exacerbated by the dispersal policy since it tends to put the immigrants in places where they can be easily ‘othered’ and isolates them; thereby making them susceptible to prejudice.ConclusionThe dispersal policy has been faced with severe criticism due to the perceived danger that it poses to the asylum seekers. Isolated in foreign communities and not understanding the British system, they suffer racial prejudice and violence directed at them by the locals who cannot understand why these outsiders are being treated in a more favourable manner by the government yet they are just immigrants while the locals continue to be ‘worse off’ than these immigrants.The increased cases of violence directed at immigrants should sound alarm bells for the relevant authorities and lead to a review of the dispersal policy. It is crucial for nations to grant asylum to people fleeing the countries. However if this is done in a manner that puts offends the locals and puts them at risk, then the provision of asylum defeats purpose. It does not make sense for people fleeing death from their countries to be granted asylum in another, only for them to be met with the hostility that probably drove them from their countries in the first place. Thus the government should halt the di spersal policy or modify it so that the asylum seekers are not placed at risk.

Mesozoic Era - the Geologic Time Scale

Following both the Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era on the Geologic Time Scale came the Mesozoic Era. The Mesozoic Era is sometimes called the age of the dinosaurs because dinosaurs were the dominant animals for much of the era. The Permian Extinction After the Permian Extinction wiped out over 95% of ocean-dwelling species and 70% of land species, the new Mesozoic Era began about 250 million years ago. The first period of the era was called the Triassic Period. The first big change was seen in the types of plants that dominated the land. Most of the species of plants that survived the Permian Extinction were plants that had enclosed seeds, like gymnosperms. The Paleozoic Era Since most of the life in the oceans became extinct at the end of the Paleozoic Era, many new species emerged as dominant. New types of corals appeared, along with water-dwelling reptiles. Very few types of fish remained after the mass extinction, but those that did survive flourished. On land, the amphibians and small reptiles like turtles were dominant during the early Triassic Period. By the end of the period, small dinosaurs began to emerge. The Jurassic Period After the end of the Triassic Period, the Jurassic Period began. Most of the marine life in the Jurassic Period stayed the same as it was in the Triassic Period. There were a few more species of fish that appeared, and toward the end of the period, crocodiles came into being. The most diversity occurred in plankton species. Land Animals Land animals during the Jurassic Period had more diversity. Dinosaurs got much bigger and the herbivorous dinosaurs ruled the Earth. At the end of the Jurassic Period, birds evolved from dinosaurs. The climate changed to more tropical weather with a lot of rain and humidity during the Jurassic Period. This allowed land plants to undergo a large evolution. In fact, jungles covered much of the land with many conifers in higher elevations. The Mesozoic Era The last of the periods within the Mesozoic Era was called the Cretaceous Period. The Cretaceous Period saw the rise of flowering plants on land. They were helped along by the newly formed bee species and the warm and tropical climate. Conifers were still really abundant throughout the Cretaceous Period as well. The Cretaceous Period   As for marine animals during the Cretaceous Period, sharks and rays became commonplace. The echinoderms that survived the Permian Extinction, like starfish, also became abundant during the Cretaceous Period. On land, the first small mammals started to appear during the Cretaceous Period. Marsupials evolved first, and then other mammals. More birds evolved, and reptiles got bigger. Dinosaurs were still dominant, and carnivorous dinosaurs were more prevalent. Another Mass Extinction At the end of the Cretaceous Period, and the end of the Mesozoic Era came another mass extinction. This extinction is generally called the K-T Extinction. The K comes from the German abbreviation for Cretaceous, and the T is from the next period on the Geologic Time Scale - the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era. This extinction took out all dinosaurs, except birds, and many other forms of life on Earth. There are different ideas as to why this mass extinction occurred. Most scientists agree it was some sort of catastrophic event that caused this extinction. Various hypotheses include massive volcanic eruptions that shot dust into the air and caused less sunlight to reach the surface of the Earth causing photosynthetic organisms like plants and those who depended on them, to die off slowly. Some others believe a meteor hit causing the dust to block the sunlight. Since plants and animals that ate plants died off, this caused top predators like carnivorous dinosaurs to also perish.